CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam
Exam Number 400-101 CCIE
Associated Certifications CCIE Routing and Switching
Duration 120 Minutes (90 - 110 questions)
Available Languages English
Register Pearson VUE
Exam Policies Read current policies and requirements
Exam Tutorial Review type of exam questions
The Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching written exam validate that professionals
have the expertise to: configure, validate, and troubleshoot complex enterprise
network infrastructure; understand how infrastructure components interoperate;
and translate functional requirements into specific device configurations.
Written Exam Topics v5.0 (Recommended for candidates scheduled to take the test
BEFORE July 25, 2016)
Written Exam Topics v5.1 (Recommended for candidates scheduled to take the test
ON July 25, 2016 and beyond)
Exam Description
The CCIE written exam is a two-hour qualification exam. The exam uses a
combination of 90-110 multiple choice questions and simulations to assess
skills. Exams are closed book and no reference materials are allowed.
The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be
included on the exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any
specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the
exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time
without notice.
CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Topics v5.0 (Recommended for candidates
who are scheduled to take the exam BEFORE July 25, 2016)
1.0 Network Principles 10%
1.1 Network theory
1.1.a Describe basic software architecture differences between IOS and IOS XE
1.1.a [i] Control plane and Forwarding plane
1.1.a [ii] Impact to troubleshooting and performances
1.1.a [iii] Excluding specific platform's architecture
1.1.b Identify Cisco express forwarding concepts
1.1.b [i] RIB, FIB, LFIB, Adjacency table
1.1.b [ii] Load balancing Hash
1.1.b [iii] Polarization concept and avoidance
1.1.c Explain general network challenges
1.1.c [i] Unicast flooding
1.1.c [ii] Out of order packets
1.1.c [iii] Asymmetric routing
1.1.c [iv] Impact of micro burst
1.1.d Explain IP operations
1.1.d [i] ICMP unreachable, redirect
1.1.d [ii] IPv4 options, IPv6 extension headers
1.1.d [iii] IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation
1.1.d [iv] TTL
1.1.d [v] IP MTU
1.1.e Explain TCP operations
1.1.e [i] IPv4 and IPv6 PMTU
1.1.e [ii] MSS
1.1.e [iii] Latency
1.1.e [iv] Windowing
1.1.e [v] Bandwidth delay product
1.1.e [vi] Global synchronization
1.1.e [vii] Options
1.1.f Explain UDP operations
1.1.f [i] Starvation
1.1.f [ii] Latency
1.1.f [iii] RTP/RTCP concepts
1.2 Network implementation and operation
1.2.a Evaluate proposed changes to a network
1.2.a [i] Changes to routing protocol parameters
1.2.a [ii] Migrate parts of a network to IPv6
1.2.a [iii] Routing protocol migration
1.2.a [iv] Adding multicast support
1.2.a [v] Migrate spanning tree protocol
1.2.a [vi] Evaluate impact of new traffic on existing QoS design
1.3 Network troubleshooting
1.3.a Use IOS troubleshooting tools
1.3.a [i] debug, conditional debug
1.3.a [ii] ping, traceroute with extended options
1.3.a [iii] Embedded packet capture
1.3.a [iv] Performance monitor
1.3.b Apply troubleshooting methodologies
1.3.b [i] Diagnose the root cause of networking issue [analyze symptoms,
identify and describe root cause]
1.3.b [ii] Design and implement valid solutions according to constraints
1.3.b [iii] Verify and monitor resolution
1.3.c Interpret packet capture
1.3.c [i] Using Wireshark trace analyzer
1.3.c [ii] Using IOS embedded packet capture
2.0 Layer 2 Technologies 15%
2.1 LAN switching technologies
2.1.a Implement and troubleshoot switch administration
2.1.a [i] Managing MAC address table
2.1.a [ii] errdisable recovery
2.1.a [iii] L2 MTU
2.1.b Implement and troubleshoot layer 2 protocols
2.1.b [i] CDP, LLDP
2.1.b [ii] UDLD
2.1.c Implement and troubleshoot VLAN
2.1.c [i] Access ports
2.1.c [ii] VLAN database
2.1.c [iii] Normal, extended VLAN, voice VLAN
2.1.d Implement and troubleshoot trunking
2.1.d [i] VTPv1, VTPv2, VTPv3, VTP pruning
2.1.d [ii] dot1Q
2.1.d [iii] Native VLAN
2.1.d [iv] Manual pruning
2.1.e Implement and troubleshoot EtherChannel
2.1.e [i] LACP, PAgP, manual
2.1.e [ii] Layer 2, layer 3
2.1.e [iii] Load-balancing
2.1.e [iv] Etherchannel misconfiguration guard
2.1.f Implement and troubleshoot spanning-tree
2.1.f [i] PVST+/RPVST+/MST
2.1.f [ii] Switch priority, port priority, path cost, STP timers
2.1.f [iii] port fast, BPDUguard, BPDUfilter
2.1.f [iv] loopguard, rootguard
2.1.g Implement and troubleshoot other LAN switching technologies
2.1.g [i] SPAN, RSPAN, ERSPAN
2.1.h Describe chassis virtualization and aggregation technologies
2.1.h [i] Multichassis
2.1.h [ii] VSS concepts
2.1.h [iii] Alternative to STP
2.1.h [iv] Stackwise
2.1.h [v] Excluding specific platform implementation
2.1.i Describe spanning-tree concepts
2.1.i [i] Compatibility between MST and RSTP
2.1.i [ii] STP dispute, STP bridge assurance
2.2 Layer 2 multicast
2.2.a Implement and troubleshoot IGMP
2.2.a [i] IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3
2.2.a [ii] IGMP snooping
2.2.a [iii] IGMP querier
2.2.a [iv] IGMP filter
2.2.a [v] IGMP proxy
2.2.b Explain MLD
2.2.c Explain PIM snooping
2.3 Layer 2 WAN circuit technologies
2.3.a Implement and troubleshoot HDLC
2.3.b Implement and troubleshoot PPP
2.3.b [i] Authentication [PAP, CHAP]
2.3.b [ii] PPPoE
2.3.b [iii] MLPPP
2.3.c Describe WAN rate-based ethernet circuits
2.3.c [i] Metro and WAN Ethernet topologies
2.3.c [ii] Use of rate-limited WAN ethernet services
3.0 Layer 3 Technologies 40%
3.1 Addressing technologies
3.1.a Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and subnetting
3.1.a [i] Address types, VLSM
3.1.a [ii] ARP
3.1.b Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing and subnetting
3.1.b [i] Unicast, multicast
3.1.b [ii] EUI-64
3.1.b [iii] ND, RS/RA
3.1.b [iv] Autoconfig/SLAAC, temporary addresses [RFC4941]
3.1.b [v] Global prefix configuration feature
3.1.b [vi] DHCP protocol operations
3.1.b [vii] SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
3.1.b [viii] Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
3.1.b [ix] DHCPv6 prefix delegation
3.2 Layer 3 multicast
3.2.a Troubleshoot reverse path forwarding
3.2.a [i] RPF failure
3.2.a [ii] RPF failure with tunnel interface
3.2.b Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 protocol independent multicast
3.2.b [i] PIM dense mode, sparse mode, sparse-dense mode
3.2.b [ii] Static RP, auto-RP, BSR
3.2.b [iii] BiDirectional PIM
3.2.b [iv] Source-specific multicast
3.2.b [v] Group to RP mapping
3.2.b [vi] Multicast boundary
3.2.c Implement and troubleshoot multicast source discovery protocol
3.2.c [i] Intra-domain MSDP [anycast RP]
3.2.c [ii] SA filter
3.2.d Describe IPv6 multicast
3.2.d [i] IPv6 multicast addresses
3.2.d [ii] PIMv6
3.3 Fundamental routing concepts
3.3.a Implement and troubleshoot static routing
3.3.b Implement and troubleshoot default routing
3.3.c Compare routing protocol types
3.3.c [i] Distance vector
3.3.c [ii] Link state
3.3.c [iii] Path vector
3.3.d Implement, optimize and troubleshoot administrative distance
3.3.e Implement and troubleshoot passive interface
3.3.f Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite
3.3.g Implement, optimize and troubleshoot filtering with any routing protocol
3.3.h Implement, optimize and troubleshoot redistribution between any routing
protocol
3.3.i Implement, optimize and troubleshoot manual and auto summarization with
any routing protocol
3.3.j Implement, optimize and troubleshoot policy-based routing
3.3.k Identify and troubleshoot sub-optimal routing
3.3.l Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection
3.3.m Implement and troubleshoot loop prevention mechanisms
3.3.m [i] Route tagging, filtering
3.3.m [ii] Split horizon
3.3.m [iii] Route poisoning
3.3.n Implement and troubleshoot routing protocol authentication
3.3.n [i] MD5
3.3.n [ii] Key-chain
3.3.n [iii] EIGRP HMAC SHA2-256bit
3.3.n [iv] OSPFv2 SHA1-196bit
3.3.n [v] OSPFv3 IPsec authentication
3.4 RIP [v2 and v6]
3.4.a Implement and troubleshoot RIPv2
3.4.b Describe RIPv6 [RIPng]
3.5 EIGRP [for IPv4 and IPv6]
3.5.a Describe packet types
3.5.a [i] Packet types [hello, query, update, and such]
3.5.a [ii] Route types [internal, external]
3.5.b Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
3.5.b [i] Multicast, unicast EIGRP peering
3.5.b [ii] OTP point-to-point peering
3.5.b [iii] OTP route-reflector peering
3.5.b [iv] OTP multiple service providers scenario
3.5.c Implement and troubleshoot loop free path selection
3.5.c [i] RD, FD, FC, successor, feasible successor
3.5.c [ii] Classic metric
3.5.c [iii] Wide metric
3.5.d Implement and troubleshoot operations
3.5.d [i] General operations
3.5.d [ii] Topology table, update, query, active, passive
3.5.d [iii] Stuck in active
3.5.d [iv] Graceful shutdown
3.5.e Implement and troubleshoot EIGRP stub
3.5.e [i] Stub
3.5.e [ii] Leak-map
3.5.f Implement and troubleshoot load-balancing
3.5.f [i] equal-cost
3.5.f [ii] unequal-cost
3.5.f [iii] add-path
3.5.g Implement EIGRP [multi-address] named mode
3.5.g [i] Types of families
3.5.g [ii] IPv4 address-family
3.5.g [iii] IPv6 address-family
3.5.h Implement, troubleshoot and optimize EIGRP convergence and scalability
3.5.h [i] Describe fast convergence requirements
3.5.h [ii] Control query boundaries
3.5.h [iii] IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
3.5.8 [iv] Summary leak-map
3.5.h [v] Summary metric
3.6 OSPF [v2 and v3]
3.6.a Describe packet types
3.6.a [i] LSA yypes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9]
3.6.a [ii] Route types [N1, N2, E1, E2]
3.6.b Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
3.6.c Implement and troubleshoot OSPFv3 address-family support
3.6.c [i] IPv4 address-family
3.6.c [ii] IPv6 address-family
3.6.d Implement and troubleshoot network types, area types and router types
3.6.d [i] Point-to-point, multipoint, broadcast, non-broadcast
3.6.d [ii] LSA types, area type: backbone, normal, transit, stub, NSSA, totally
stub
3.6.d [iii] Internal router, ABR, ASBR
3.6.d [iv] Virtual link
3.6.e Implement and troubleshoot path preference
3.6.f Implement and troubleshoot operations
3.6.f [i] General operations
3.6.f [ii] Graceful shutdown
3.6.f [iii] GTSM [Generic TTL Security Mechanism]
3.6.g Implement, troubleshoot and optimize OSPF convergence and scalability
3.6.g [i] Metrics
3.6.g [ii] LSA throttling, SPF tuning, fast hello
3.6.g [iii] LSA propagation control [area types, ISPF]
3.6.g [iv] IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
3.6.g [v] LFA/loop-free alternative [multi hop]
3.6.g [vi] OSPFv3 prefix suppression
3.7 BGP
3.7.a Describe, implement and troubleshoot peer relationships
3.7.a [i] Peer-group, template
3.7.a [ii] Active, passive
3.7.a [iii] States, timers
3.7.a [iv] Dynamic neighbors
3.7.b Implement and troubleshoot IBGP and EBGP
3.7.b [i] EBGP, IBGP
3.7.b [ii] 4 bytes AS number
3.7.b [iii] Private AS
3.7.c Explain attributes and best-path selection
3.7.d Implement, optimize and troubleshoot routing policies
3.7.d [i] Attribute manipulation
3.7.d [ii] Conditional advertisement
3.7.d [iii] Outbound route filtering
3.7.d [iv] Communities, extended communities
3.7.d [v] Multi-homing
3.7.e Implement and troubleshoot scalability
3.7.e [i] Route-reflector, cluster
3.7.e [ii] Confederations
3.7.e [iii] Aggregation, AS set
3.7.f Implement and troubleshoot multiproctocol BGP
3.7.f [i] IPv4, IPv6, VPN address-family
3.7.g Implement and troubleshoot AS path manipulations
3.7.g [i] Local AS, allow AS in, remove private AS
3.7.g [ii] Prepend
3.7.g [iii] Regexp
3.7.h Implement and troubleshoot other features
3.7.h [i] Multipath
3.7.h [ii] BGP synchronization
3.7.h [iii] Soft reconfiguration, route refresh
3.7.i Describe BGP fast convergence features
3.7.i [i] Prefix independent convergence
3.7.i [ii] Add-path
3.7.i [iii] Next-hop address tracking
3.8 ISIS [for IPv4 and IPv6]
3.8.a Describe basic ISIS network
3.8.a [i] Single area, single topology
3.8.b Describe neighbor relationship
3.8.c Describe network types, levels and router types
3.8.c [i] NSAP addressing
3.8.c [ii] Point-to-point, broadcast
3.8.d Describe operations
3.8.e Describe optimization features
3.8.e [i] Metrics, wide metric
4.0 VPN Technologies 15%
4.1 Tunneling
4.1.a Implement and troubleshoot MPLS operations
4.1.a [i] Label stack, LSR, LSP
4.1.a [ii] LDP
4.1.a [iii] MPLS ping, MPLS traceroute
4.1.b Implement and troubleshoot basic MPLS L3VPN
4.1.b [i] L3VPN, CE, PE, P
4.1.b [ii] Extranet [route leaking]
4.1.c Implement and troubleshoot encapsulation
4.1.c [i] GRE
4.1.c [ii] Dynamic GRE
4.1.c [iii] LISP encapsulation principles supporting EIGRP OTP
4.1.d Implement and troubleshoot DMVPN [single hub]
4.1.d [i] NHRP
4.1.d [ii] DMVPN with IPsec using preshared key
4.1.d [iii] QoS profile
4.1.d [iv] Pre-classify
4.1.e Describe IPv6 tunneling techniques
4.1.e [i] 6in4, 6to4
4.1.e [ii] ISATAP
4.1.e [iii] 6RD
4.1.e [iv] 6PE/6VPE
4.1.g Describe basic layer 2 VPN —wireline
4.1.g [i] L2TPv3 general principals
4.1.g [ii] ATOM general principals
4.1.h Describe basic L2VPN — LAN services
4.1.h [i] MPLS-VPLS general principals
4.1.h [ii] OTV general principals
4.2 Encryption
4.2.a Implement and troubleshoot IPsec with preshared key
4.2.a [i] IPv4 site to IPv4 site
4.2.a [ii] IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels
4.2.a [iii] Virtual tunneling Interface [VTI]
4.2.b Describe GET VPN
5.0 Infrastructure Security 5%
5.1 Device security
5.1.a Implement and troubleshoot IOS AAA using local database
5.1.b Implement and troubleshoot device access control
5.1.b [i] Lines [VTY, AUX, console]
5.1.b [ii] SNMP
5.1.b [iii] Management plane protection
5.1.b [iv] Password encryption
5.1.c Implement and troubleshoot control plane policing
5.1.d Describe device security using IOS AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
5.1.d [i] AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
5.1.d [ii] Local privilege authorization fallback
5.2 Network security
5.2.a Implement and troubleshoot switch security features
5.2.a [i] VACL, PACL
5.2.a [ii] Stormcontrol
5.2.a [iii] DHCP snooping
5.2.a [iv] IP source-guard
5.2.a [v] Dynamic ARP inspection
5.2.a [vi] port-security
5.2.a [vii] Private VLAN
5.2.b Implement and troubleshoot router security features
5.2.b [i] IPv4 access control lists [standard, extended, time-based]
5.2.b [ii] IPv6 traffic filter
5.2.b [iii] Unicast reverse path forwarding
5.2.c Implement and troubleshoot IPv6 first hop security
5.2.c [i] RA guard
5.2.c [ii] DHCP guard
5.2.c [iii] Binding table
5.2.c [iv] Device tracking
5.2.c [v] ND inspection/snooping
5.2.c [vii] Source guard
5.2.c [viii] PACL
5.2.d Describe 802.1x
5.2.d [i] 802.1x, EAP, RADIUS
5.2.d [ii] MAC authentication bypass
6.0 Infrastructure Services 15%
6.1 System management
6.1.a Implement and troubleshoot device management
6.1.a [i] Console and VTY
6.1.a [ii] telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, SCP
6.1.a [iii] [T]FTP
6.1.b Implement and troubleshoot SNMP
6.1.b [i] v2c, v3
6.1.c Implement and troubleshoot logging
6.1.c [i] Local logging, syslog, debug, conditional debug
6.1.c [ii] Timestamp
6.2 Quality of service
6.2.a Implement and troubleshoot end-to-end QoS
6.2.a [i] CoS and DSCP mapping
6.2.b Implement, optimize and troubleshoot QoS using MQC
6.2.b [i] Classification
6.2.b [ii] Network based application recognition [NBAR]
6.2.b [iii] Marking using IP precedence, DSCP, CoS, ECN
6.2.b [iv] Policing, shaping
6.2.b [v] Congestion management [queuing]
6.2.b [vi] HQoS, sub-rate ethernet link
6.2.b [vii] Congestion avoidance [WRED]
6.2.c Describe layer 2 QoS
6.2.c [i] Queuing, scheduling
6.2.c [ii] Classification, marking
6.3 Network services
6.3.a Implement and troubleshoot first-hop redundancy protocols
6.3.a [i] HSRP, GLBP, VRRP
6.3.a [ii] Redundancy using IPv6 RS/RA
6.3.b Implement and troubleshoot network time protocol
6.3.b [i] NTP master, client, version 3, version 4
6.3.b [ii] NTP Authentication
6.3.c Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP
6.3.c [i] DHCP client, IOS DHCP server, DHCP relay
6.3.c [ii] DHCP options
6.3.c [iii] DHCP protocol operations
6.3.c [iv] SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
6.3.c [v] Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
6.3.c [vi] DHCPv6 prefix delegation
6.3.d Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 network address translation
6.3.d [i] Static NAT, dynamic NAT, policy-based NAT, PAT
6.3.d [ii] NAT ALG
6.3.e Describe IPv6 network address translation
6.3.e [i] NAT64
6.3.e [ii] NPTv6
6.4 Network optimization
6.4.a Implement and troubleshoot IP SLA
6.4.a [i] ICMP, UDP, Jitter, VoIP
6.4.b Implement and troubleshoot tracking object
6.4.b [i] Tracking object, tracking list
6.4.b [ii] Tracking different entities [e.g. interfaces, routes, IPSLA, and
such]
6.4.c Implement and troubleshoot netflow
6.4.c [i] Netflow v5, v9
6.4.c [ii] Local retrieval
6.4.c [iii] Export [configuration only]
6.4.d Implement and troubleshoot embedded event manager
6.4.d [i] EEM policy using applet
6.4.e Identify performance routing [PfR]
6.4.e [i] Basic load balancing
6.4.e [ii] Voice optimization
CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam (400-101) Version 5.1
Exam Description
The Cisco CCIE® Routing and Switching Written Exam [400-101] version 5.1 is
a 2-hour test with 90−110 questions that will validate that professionals have
the expertise to: configure, validate, and troubleshoot complex enterprise
network infrastructure; understand how infrastructure components interoperate;
and translate functional requirements into specific device configurations. The
exam is closed book and no outside reference materials are allowed.
The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be
included on the exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any
specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the
exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time
without notice.
CCIE Routing and Switching Written Exam Topics v5.1 (Recommended for candidates
who are scheduled to take the exam ON July 25, 2016 and beyond)
1.0 Network Principles 10%
1.1 Network theory
1.1.a Describe basic software architecture differences between IOS and IOS
XE
1.1.a [i] Control plane and Forwarding plane
1.1.a [ii] Impact to troubleshooting and performances
1.1.a [iii] Excluding specific platform's architecture
1.1.b Identify Cisco express forwarding concepts
1.1.b [i] RIB, FIB, LFIB, Adjacency table
1.1.b [ii] Load balancing Hash
1.1.b [iii] Polarization concept and avoidance
1.1.c Explain general network challenges
1.1.c [i] Unicast flooding
1.1.c [ii] Out of order packets
1.1.c [iii] Asymmetric routing
1.1.c [iv] Impact of micro burst
1.1.d Explain IP operations
1.1.d [i] ICMP unreachable, redirect
1.1.d [ii] IPv4 options, IPv6 extension headers
1.1.d [iii] IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation
1.1.d [iv] TTL
1.1.d [v] IP MTU
1.1.e Explain TCP operations
1.1.e [i] IPv4 and IPv6 PMTU
1.1.e [ii] MSS
1.1.e [iii] Latency
1.1.e [iv] Windowing
1.1.e [v] Bandwidth delay product
1.1.e [vi] Global synchronization
1.1.e [vii] Options
1.1.f Explain UDP operations
1.1.f [i] Starvation
1.1.f [ii] Latency
1.1.f [iii] RTP/RTCP concepts
1.2 Network implementation and operation
1.2.a Evaluate proposed changes to a network
1.2.a [i] Changes to routing protocol parameters
1.2.a [ii] Migrate parts of a network to IPv6
1.2.a [iii] Routing protocol migration
1.2.a [iv] Adding multicast support
1.2.a [v] Migrate spanning tree protocol
1.2.a [vi] Evaluate impact of new traffic on existing QoS design
1.3 Network troubleshooting
1.3.a Use IOS troubleshooting tools
1.3.a [i] debug, conditional debug
1.3.a [ii] ping, traceroute with extended options
1.3.a [iii] Embedded packet capture
1.3.a [iv] Performance monitor
1.3.b Apply troubleshooting methodologies
1.3.b [i] Diagnose the root cause of networking issue [analyze symptoms,
identify and describe root cause]
1.3.b [ii] Design and implement valid solutions according to constraints
1.3.b [iii] Verify and monitor resolution
1.3.c Interpret packet capture
1.3.c [i] Using Wireshark trace analyzer
1.3.c [ii] Using IOS embedded packet capture
2.0 Layer 2 Technologies 13%
2.1 LAN switching technologies
2.1.a Implement and troubleshoot switch administration
2.1.a [i] Managing MAC address table
2.1.a [ii] errdisable recovery
2.1.a [iii] L2 MTU
2.1.b Implement and troubleshoot layer 2 protocols
2.1.b [i] CDP, LLDP
2.1.b [ii] UDLD
2.1.c Implement and troubleshoot VLAN
2.1.c [i] Access ports
2.1.c [ii] VLAN database
2.1.c [iii] Normal, extended VLAN, voice VLAN
2.1.d Implement and troubleshoot trunking
2.1.d [i] VTPv1, VTPv2, VTPv3, VTP pruning
2.1.d [ii] dot1Q
2.1.d [iii] Native VLAN
2.1.d [iv] Manual pruning
2.1.e Implement and troubleshoot EtherChannel
2.1.e [i] LACP, PAgP, manual
2.1.e [ii] Layer 2, layer 3
2.1.e [iii] Load-balancing
2.1.e [iv] Etherchannel misconfiguration guard
2.1.f Implement and troubleshoot spanning-tree
2.1.f [i] PVST+/RPVST+/MST
2.1.f [ii] Switch priority, port priority, path cost, STP timers
2.1.f [iii] port fast, BPDUguard, BPDUfilter
2.1.f [iv] loopguard, rootguard
2.1.g Implement and troubleshoot other LAN switching technologies
2.1.g [i] SPAN, RSPAN, ERSPAN
2.1.h Describe chassis virtualization and aggregation technologies
2.1.h [i] Multichassis
2.1.h [ii] VSS concepts
2.1.h [iii] Alternative to STP
2.1.h [iv] Stackwise
2.1.h [v] Excluding specific platform implementation
2.1.i Describe spanning-tree concepts
2.1.i [i] Compatibility between MST and RSTP
2.1.i [ii] STP dispute, STP bridge assurance
2.2 Layer 2 multicast
2.2.a Implement and troubleshoot IGMP
2.2.a [i] IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3
2.2.a [ii] IGMP snooping
2.2.a [iii] IGMP querier
2.2.a [iv] IGMP filter
2.2.a [v] IGMP proxy
2.2.b Explain MLD
2.2.c Explain PIM snooping
2.3 Layer 2 WAN circuit technologies
2.3.a Implement and troubleshoot HDLC
2.3.b Implement and troubleshoot PPP
2.3.b [i] Authentication [PAP, CHAP]
2.3.b [ii] PPPoE
2.3.b [iii] MLPPP
2.3.c Describe WAN rate-based ethernet circuits
2.3.c [i] Metro and WAN Ethernet topologies
2.3.c [ii] Use of rate-limited WAN ethernet services
3.0 Layer 3 Technologies 37%
3.1 Addressing technologies
3.1.a Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and subnetting
3.1.a [i] Address types, VLSM
3.1.a [ii] ARP
3.1.b Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing and subnetting
3.1.b [i] Unicast, multicast
3.1.b [ii] EUI-64
3.1.b [iii] ND, RS/RA
3.1.b [iv] Autoconfig/SLAAC, temporary addresses [RFC4941]
3.1.b [v] Global prefix configuration feature
3.1.b [vi] DHCP protocol operations
3.1.b [vii] SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
3.1.b [viii] Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
3.1.b [ix] DHCPv6 prefix delegation
3.2 Layer 3 multicast
3.2.a Troubleshoot reverse path forwarding
3.2.a [i] RPF failure
3.2.a [ii] RPF failure with tunnel interface
3.2.b Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 protocol independent multicast
3.2.b [i] PIM dense mode, sparse mode, sparse-dense mode
3.2.b [ii] Static RP, auto-RP, BSR
3.2.b [iii] BiDirectional PIM
3.2.b [iv] Source-specific multicast
3.2.b [v] Group to RP mapping
3.2.b [vi] Multicast boundary
3.2.c Implement and troubleshoot multicast source discovery protocol
3.2.c [i] Intra-domain MSDP [anycast RP]
3.2.c [ii] SA filter
3.2.d Describe IPv6 multicast
3.2.d [i] IPv6 multicast addresses
3.2.d [ii] PIMv6
3.3 Fundamental routing concepts
3.3.a Implement and troubleshoot static routing
3.3.b Implement and troubleshoot default routing
3.3.c Compare routing protocol types
3.3.c [i] Distance vector
3.3.c [ii] Link state
3.3.c [iii] Path vector
3.3.d Implement, optimize and troubleshoot administrative distance
3.3.e Implement and troubleshoot passive interface
3.3.f Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite
3.3.g Implement, optimize and troubleshoot filtering with any routing protocol
3.3.h Implement, optimize and troubleshoot redistribution between any routing
protocol
3.3.i Implement, optimize and troubleshoot manual and auto summarization with
any routing protocol
3.3.j Implement, optimize and troubleshoot policy-based routing
3.3.k Identify and troubleshoot sub-optimal routing
3.3.l Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection
3.3.m Implement and troubleshoot loop prevention mechanisms
3.3.m [i] Route tagging, filtering
3.3.m [ii] Split horizon
3.3.m [iii] Route poisoning
3.3.n Implement and troubleshoot routing protocol authentication
3.3.n [i] MD5
3.3.n [ii] Key-chain
3.3.n [iii] EIGRP HMAC SHA2-256bit
3.3.n [iv] OSPFv2 SHA1-196bit
3.3.n [v] OSPFv3 IPsec authentication
3.4 RIP [v2 and v6]
3.4.a Implement and troubleshoot RIPv2
3.4.b Describe RIPv6 [RIPng]
3.5 EIGRP [for IPv4 and IPv6]
3.5.a Describe packet types
3.5.a [i] Packet types [hello, query, update, and such]
3.5.a [ii] Route types [internal, external]
3.5.b Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
3.5.b [i] Multicast, unicast EIGRP peering
3.5.b [ii] OTP point-to-point peering
3.5.b [iii] OTP route-reflector peering
3.5.b [iv] OTP multiple service providers scenario
3.5.c Implement and troubleshoot loop free path selection
3.5.c [i] RD, FD, FC, successor, feasible successor
3.5.c [ii] Classic metric
3.5.c [iii] Wide metric
3.5.d Implement and troubleshoot operations
3.5.d [i] General operations
3.5.d [ii] Topology table, update, query, active, passive
3.5.d [iii] Stuck in active
3.5.d [iv] Graceful shutdown
3.5.e Implement and troubleshoot EIGRP stub
3.5.e [i] Stub
3.5.e [ii] Leak-map
3.5.f Implement and troubleshoot load-balancing
3.5.f [i] equal-cost
3.5.f [ii] unequal-cost
3.5.f [iii] add-path
3.5.g Implement EIGRP [multi-address] named mode
3.5.g [i] Types of families
3.5.g [ii] IPv4 address-family
3.5.g [iii] IPv6 address-family
3.5.h Implement, troubleshoot and optimize EIGRP convergence and scalability
3.5.h [i] Describe fast convergence requirements
3.5.h [ii] Control query boundaries
3.5.h [iii] IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
3.5.8 [iv] Summary leak-map
3.5.h [v] Summary metric
3.6 OSPF [v2 and v3]
3.6.a Describe packet types
3.6.a [i] LSA yypes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9]
3.6.a [ii] Route types [N1, N2, E1, E2]
3.6.b Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
3.6.c Implement and troubleshoot OSPFv3 address-family support
3.6.c [i] IPv4 address-family
3.6.c [ii] IPv6 address-family
3.6.d Implement and troubleshoot network types, area types and router types
3.6.d [i] Point-to-point, multipoint, broadcast, non-broadcast
3.6.d [ii] LSA types, area type: backbone, normal, transit, stub, NSSA, totally
stub
3.6.d [iii] Internal router, ABR, ASBR
3.6.d [iv] Virtual link
3.6.e Implement and troubleshoot path preference
3.6.f Implement and troubleshoot operations
3.6.f [i] General operations
3.6.f [ii] Graceful shutdown
3.6.f [iii] GTSM [Generic TTL Security Mechanism]
3.6.g Implement, troubleshoot and optimize OSPF convergence and scalability
3.6.g [i] Metrics
3.6.g [ii] LSA throttling, SPF tuning, fast hello
3.6.g [iii] LSA propagation control [area types, ISPF]
3.6.g [iv] IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
3.6.g [v] LFA/loop-free alternative [multi hop]
3.6.g [vi] OSPFv3 prefix suppression
3.7 BGP
3.7.a Describe, implement and troubleshoot peer relationships
3.7.a [i] Peer-group, template
3.7.a [ii] Active, passive
3.7.a [iii] States, timers
3.7.a [iv] Dynamic neighbors
3.7.b Implement and troubleshoot IBGP and EBGP
3.7.b [i] EBGP, IBGP
3.7.b [ii] 4 bytes AS number
3.7.b [iii] Private AS
3.7.c Explain attributes and best-path selection
3.7.d Implement, optimize and troubleshoot routing policies
3.7.d [i] Attribute manipulation
3.7.d [ii] Conditional advertisement
3.7.d [iii] Outbound route filtering
3.7.d [iv] Communities, extended communities
3.7.d [v] Multi-homing
3.7.e Implement and troubleshoot scalability
3.7.e [i] Route-reflector, cluster
3.7.e [ii] Confederations
3.7.e [iii] Aggregation, AS set
3.7.f Implement and troubleshoot multiproctocol BGP
3.7.f [i] IPv4, IPv6, VPN address-family
3.7.g Implement and troubleshoot AS path manipulations
3.7.g [i] Local AS, allow AS in, remove private AS
3.7.g [ii] Prepend
3.7.g [iii] Regexp
3.7.h Implement and troubleshoot other features
3.7.h [i] Multipath
3.7.h [ii] BGP synchronization
3.7.h [iii] Soft reconfiguration, route refresh
3.7.i Describe BGP fast convergence features
3.7.i [i] Prefix independent convergence
3.7.i [ii] Add-path
3.7.i [iii] Next-hop address tracking
3.8 ISIS [for IPv4 and IPv6]
3.8.a Describe basic ISIS network
3.8.a [i] Single area, single topology
3.8.b Describe neighbor relationship
3.8.c Describe network types, levels and router types
3.8.c [i] NSAP addressing
3.8.c [ii] Point-to-point, broadcast
3.8.d Describe operations
3.8.e Describe optimization features
3.8.e [i] Metrics, wide metric
4.0 VPN Technologies 13%
4.1 Tunneling
4.1.a Implement and troubleshoot MPLS operations
4.1.a [i] Label stack, LSR, LSP
4.1.a [ii] LDP
4.1.a [iii] MPLS ping, MPLS traceroute
4.1.b Implement and troubleshoot basic MPLS L3VPN
4.1.b [i] L3VPN, CE, PE, P
4.1.b [ii] Extranet [route leaking]
4.1.c Implement and troubleshoot encapsulation
4.1.c [i] GRE
4.1.c [ii] Dynamic GRE
4.1.c [iii] LISP encapsulation principles supporting EIGRP OTP
4.1.d Implement and troubleshoot DMVPN [single hub]
4.1.d [i] NHRP
4.1.d [ii] DMVPN with IPsec using preshared key
4.1.d [iii] QoS profile
4.1.d [iv] Pre-classify
4.1.e Describe IPv6 tunneling techniques
4.1.e [i] 6in4, 6to4
4.1.e [ii] ISATAP
4.1.e [iii] 6RD
4.1.e [iv] 6PE/6VPE
4.1.g Describe basic layer 2 VPN —wireline
4.1.g [i] L2TPv3 general principals
4.1.g [ii] ATOM general principals
4.1.h Describe basic L2VPN — LAN services
4.1.h [i] MPLS-VPLS general principals
4.1.h [ii] OTV general principals
4.2 Encryption
4.2.a Implement and troubleshoot IPsec with preshared key
4.2.a [i] IPv4 site to IPv4 site
4.2.a [ii] IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels
4.2.a [iii] Virtual tunneling Interface [VTI]
4.2.b Describe GET VPN
5.0 Infrastructure Security 5%
5.1 Device security
5.1.a Implement and troubleshoot IOS AAA using local database
5.1.b Implement and troubleshoot device access control
5.1.b [i] Lines [VTY, AUX, console]
5.1.b [ii] SNMP
5.1.b [iii] Management plane protection
5.1.b [iv] Password encryption
5.1.c Implement and troubleshoot control plane policing
5.1.d Describe device security using IOS AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
5.1.d [i] AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
5.1.d [ii] Local privilege authorization fallback
5.2 Network security
5.2.a Implement and troubleshoot switch security features
5.2.a [i] VACL, PACL
5.2.a [ii] Stormcontrol
5.2.a [iii] DHCP snooping
5.2.a [iv] IP source-guard
5.2.a [v] Dynamic ARP inspection
5.2.a [vi] port-security
5.2.a [vii] Private VLAN
5.2.b Implement and troubleshoot router security features
5.2.b [i] IPv4 access control lists [standard, extended, time-based]
5.2.b [ii] IPv6 traffic filter
5.2.b [iii] Unicast reverse path forwarding
5.2.c Implement and troubleshoot IPv6 first hop security
5.2.c [i] RA guard
5.2.c [ii] DHCP guard
5.2.c [iii] Binding table
5.2.c [iv] Device tracking
5.2.c [v] ND inspection/snooping
5.2.c [vii] Source guard
5.2.c [viii] PACL
5.2.d Describe 802.1x
5.2.d [i] 802.1x, EAP, RADIUS
5.2.d [ii] MAC authentication bypass
6.0 Infrastructure Services 12%
6.1 System management
6.1.a Implement and troubleshoot device management
6.1.a [i] Console and VTY
6.1.a [ii] telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, SCP
6.1.a [iii] [T]FTP
6.1.b Implement and troubleshoot SNMP
6.1.b [i] v2c, v3
6.1.c Implement and troubleshoot logging
6.1.c [i] Local logging, syslog, debug, conditional debug
6.1.c [ii] Timestamp
6.2 Quality of service
6.2.a Implement and troubleshoot end-to-end QoS
6.2.a [i] CoS and DSCP mapping
6.2.b Implement, optimize and troubleshoot QoS using MQC
6.2.b [i] Classification
6.2.b [ii] Network based application recognition [NBAR]
6.2.b [iii] Marking using IP precedence, DSCP, CoS, ECN
6.2.b [iv] Policing, shaping
6.2.b [v] Congestion management [queuing]
6.2.b [vi] HQoS, sub-rate ethernet link
6.2.b [vii] Congestion avoidance [WRED]
6.2.c Describe layer 2 QoS
6.2.c [i] Queuing, scheduling
6.2.c [ii] Classification, marking
6.3 Network services
6.3.a Implement and troubleshoot first-hop redundancy protocols
6.3.a [i] HSRP, GLBP, VRRP
6.3.a [ii] Redundancy using IPv6 RS/RA
6.3.b Implement and troubleshoot network time protocol
6.3.b [i] NTP master, client, version 3, version 4
6.3.b [ii] NTP Authentication
6.3.c Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP
6.3.c [i] DHCP client, IOS DHCP server, DHCP relay
6.3.c [ii] DHCP options
6.3.c [iii] DHCP protocol operations
6.3.c [iv] SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
6.3.c [v] Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
6.3.c [vi] DHCPv6 prefix delegation
6.3.d Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 network address translation
6.3.d [i] Static NAT, dynamic NAT, policy-based NAT, PAT
6.3.d [ii] NAT ALG
6.3.e Describe IPv6 network address translation
6.3.e [i] NAT64
6.3.e [ii] NPTv6
6.4 Network optimization
6.4.a Implement and troubleshoot IP SLA
6.4.a [i] ICMP, UDP, Jitter, VoIP
6.4.b Implement and troubleshoot tracking object
6.4.b [i] Tracking object, tracking list
6.4.b [ii] Tracking different entities [e.g. interfaces, routes, IPSLA, and
such]
6.4.c Implement and troubleshoot netflow
6.4.c [i] Netflow v5, v9
6.4.c [ii] Local retrieval
6.4.c [iii] Export [configuration only]
6.4.d Implement and troubleshoot embedded event manager
6.4.d [i] EEM policy using applet
6.4.e Identify performance routing [PfR]
6.4.e [i] Basic load balancing
6.4.e [ii] Voice optimization
7.0 Evolving Technologies 10%
7.1 Cloud
7.1.a Compare and contrast Cloud deployment models
7.1.a [i] Infrastructure, platform, and software services [XaaS]
7.1.a [ii] Performance and reliability
7.1.a [iii] Security and privacy
7.1.a [iv] Scalability and interoperability
7.1.b Describe Cloud implementations and operations
7.1.b [i] Automation and orchestration
7.1.b [ii] Workload mobility
7.1.b [iii] Troubleshooting and management
7.1.b [iv] OpenStack components
7.2 Network programmability [SDN]
7.2.a Describe functional elements of network programmability [SDN] and how they
interact
7.2.a [i] Controllers
7.2.a [ii] APIs
7.2.a [iii] Scripting
7.2.a [iv] Agents
7.2.a [v] Northbound vs. Southbound protocols
7.2.b Describe aspects of virtualization and automation in network environments
7.2.b [i] DevOps methodologies, tools and workflows
7.2.b [ii] Network/application function virtualization [NFV, AFV]
7.2.b [iii] Service function chaining
7.2.b [iv] Performance, availability, and scaling considerations
7.3 Internet of Things
7.3.a Describe architectural framework and deployment considerations for
Internet of Things [IoT]
7.3.a [i] Performance, reliability and scalability
7.3.a [ii] Mobility
7.3.a [iii] Security and privacy
7.3.a [iv] Standards and compliance
7.3.a [v] Migration
7.3.a [vi] Environmental impacts on the network
QUESTION 1
Which regular expression will match prefixes that originated from AS200?
A. ^$
B. ^200_
C. _200$
D. ^200)
E. _200_
Answer: C
Explanation:
Example on how to deny all prefixes originated in Autonomous System 200
router bgp 100
neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 65535 neighbor 10.1.1.1 route-map map1 in
!
route-map map1 permit 10 match as-path 1
!
ip as-path access-list 5 deny _200$ ip as-path access-list 5 permit .*
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/termserv/configuration/guide/12_4t/tsv_12_4t_bo ok/tsv_reg_express.html
QUESTION 2
Which two actions can you take to allow the greatest number of pertinent packets to be stored in the temporary buffer of Cisco IOS Embedded Packet Capture? (Choose two.)
A. Specify the sampling interval.
B. Specify the capture buffer type.
C. Specify a reflexive ACL.
D. Specify the minimum packet capture rate.
E. Specify the packet size.
F. Store the capture simultaneously onto an external memory card as the capture occurs.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Embedded Packet Capture (EPC) provides an embedded systems management facility that helps in tracing and troubleshooting packets. This feature allows network administrators to capture data packets flowing through, to, and from a Cisco device. The network administrator may define the capture buffer size and type (circular, or linear) and the maximum number of bytes of each packet to capture. The packet capture rate can be throttled using further administrative controls. For example, options allow for filtering the packets to be captured using an Access Control List and, optionally, further defined by specifying a maximum packet capture rate or by specifying a sampling interval.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/epc/configuration/xe-3s/asr1000/epc-xe-3s-asr1000-book/nm-packet-capture-xe.html
QUESTION 3
Which BGP feature enables you to install a backup path in the forwarding table?
A. soft reconfiguration
B. prefix independent convergence
C. route refresh
D. synchronization
Answer: B
Explanation:
To install a backup path into the forwarding table and provide prefix independent convergence (PIC) in case of a PE-CE link failure, use the additional-paths install backup command in an appropriate address family configuration mode. To prevent installing the backup path, use the no form of this command. To disable prefix independent convergence, use the disable keyword.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r4-2/routing/command/reference/b_routing_cr42crs/b_routing_cr42crs_chapter_01.html
QUESTION 4
What are the minimal configuration steps that are required to configure EIGRP HMAC-SHA2 authentication?
A. classic router mode, interface XX, authentication mode hmac-sha-256
B. named router mode, address-family statement, authentication mode hmac-sha-256
C. named router mode, address-family statement, af-interface default, authentication mode hmac-sha-256
D. named router mode, address-family statement, authentication mode hmac-sha-256
Answer: C
Explanation:
The example below shows how to configure EIGRP HMAC-SHA2 on Cisco router: Device(config)# router eigrp name1
Device(config-router)# address-family ipv4 autonomous-system 45000 Device(config-router-af)# af-interface ethernet 0/0 Device(config-router-af-interface)# authentication mode hmac-sha-256 0 password1 Device(config-router-af-interface)# end
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_eigrp/configuration/15-sy/ire-15-sy-book/ire-sha-256.html
QUESTION 5
Which two statements about the OSPF two-way neighbor state are true? (Choose two.)
A. Each neighbor receives its own router ID in a hello packet from the other neighbor.
B. Each neighbor receives a hello message from the other neighbor.
C. It is valid only on NBMA networks.
D. It is valid only on point-to-point networks.
E. Each neighbor receives an acknowledgement of its own hello packet from the other neighbor.
F. Each neighbor receives the router ID of the other neighbor in a hello packet from the other neighbor.
Answer: A,E
